Design information can be found in the stairs! - The Shang Li Xinrong You design -

 Residential Design Code GB50096-1999 provision in the preface, specification unit is editor of the first edition of China Building Standard Design & Research Institute, participating units in Beijing Institute of Architectural Design, Planning and Design Bureau of Tianjin, Shanghai Civil Design Institute, China Northeast Architectural Design Institute, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Construction Committee integrated design Hospital, Xi'an Institute of Metallurgy and Construction, Beijing Institute of Architectural Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Housing Design, and Design Institute of Heilongjiang Province Forestry, Construction Survey and Design Institute of Sichuan Mianyang area. For the majority of the design, construction, research, schools and other units of the officer When using this specification can correctly understand and implement the provisions, place, please view the Chinese Institute of Construction Technology Enclosed .1 General 1.0.1 Urban residential construction towers, related to the vital interests of the majority of urban residents, while investment in residential construction requires a lot of money, land and building materials and other resources How reasonable under the conditions of our country the right to use limited funds and resources to meet the requirements of the people on the housing to protect the living conditions of residents at least, improve the quality of urban residential function, so that housing designed to meet applicable safety, health, economy basic requirement is to formulate the guidelines. the original enacted to improve the housing conditions of urban residents to improve the quality of residential design is undoubtedly played a significant role. However, with the national economic development and improve people's living standard, the original no longer meet the current specifications of some of the provisions to improve the quality of urban housing the requirements of countries to develop a new urban housing construction standards, and adapt to this, this specification should also be amended, the provisions do not apply personality, add new content. Meanwhile, in order to strengthen legislation and regulations to make the mandatory nature of specifications , an increase of supervision, to ensure the implementation of standard measures, expanded the content of the professional, making the design of comprehensive legislation, to provide a lower limit of the basic design requirements and the technical management of a certain content, implementation will be further to ensure the quality of housing design and promote the healthy development of urban residential housing system reform .1.0.2 with commercial and residential, urban housing is no longer a single standard 集合式住宅 model, with the exception of a large number of medium and low standards of city ordinary residence, there are higher standards residential, in the form of a separate apartment, apartments, etc. in parallel, divided by layers have different types from low to high. different types of urban housing, basic functions and safety and hygiene is the same, so this specification should be applied to new cities across the country, expansion of all types of residential design .1.0.3 residential division of layers is consistent with the original specification, the country, ) amendments, 100m high-rise buildings has exceeded the limit, it is no longer the norm for a maximum of thirty level high-rise residential restrictions. division is mainly based on vertical transportation and fire protection requirements are different. one to three-occupied households in low-rise residential stairs, staircase, four six-storey residential households share, more than seven should lift, GB50045 ten layers and provides for more than ten storeys high-rise residential, requiring the building fire elevators and fire facilities, but provides second layer and the second layer above the unit Corridor apartment-and he set fire elevator, it such a layer of the following ten residential high-rise residential, as is the same in the general setting of the elevator, but still meet fire protection requirements of GB50045 .1.0.4 countries attach great importance to housing construction formulated a series of policies and regulations, the development of urban housing construction standards, in particular health and safety, environmental protection, energy, land, water and materials such as policies and regulations particularly close relationship with the residential construction, residential design must be strictly observed, such as the Ministry of Construction, design standards (heating residential buildings) , the use of water-saving appliances, etc. .1.0.5 this specification only provides for residential single engineering design, but the housing and residential area planning are inseparable, residential sunlight, orientation, number of layers of fire protection and planning the layout, construction density, building volume rate, the road system, vertical design has internal links, must work together to form a good living environment. trapped in this, residential designed to meet the urban planning and residential planning requirements, in harmony with the surrounding environment, to create a convenient, comfortable and beautiful living environment, and of course the safety of the preceding Article, health and other requirements .1.0.6 residential building towers, therefore, need to be standardized building components, fittings, modular, modular buildings should be consistent coordination of standards, to adapt to industrial production, construction equipment and construction of the main module also need to coordinate, gains in commercial production; the current construction of a new technology, new products, new materials, emerging, countries are implementing the policy of modernization of housing industry, changes in the past, obsolete equipment , backward technology and extensive management of the situation, take intensive scale, made of high quality. residential design should actively adopt new technologies, new materials, new products, promote the modernization of housing industry .1.0.7 life in general no less than five residential substance years, the design can not be difficult to predict the requirement by such a long time to do, and family demographic changes, improvement of living standards, new technologies and products continue to emerge, but also will house a variety of new features proposed requirements, which will lead to transformation of the old house, if you take into account in the design may be modified in the future, than save a lot of new investment and materials, and extend the life of .1.0.8 residential housing is for people to use, so everywhere to human-centered, in addition to residential use to meet the general requirements of low frequency, should also be required to meet the elderly, the disabled, the special use requirements. the State has issued a building design HVAC, electrical, and other professional, the professional content of existing specification, in addition to the necessary reiterate, this specification will not repeat, so the design than the implementation of this specification, there should be consistent with existing national standards of the Mandatory provisions are: sound design 3.1.1 residential dwelling shall be designed, is the boundary of each residential household should be clear and must be detached single-family, each house shall include at least the bedroom, living room (room), kitchen and bathroom and other basic space, requires These features are designed in the door of space within the city shall not be a large number of joint or combined .3.1.2 construction of residential dwelling of one to four categories and provides the corresponding minimum number and minimum use of living space area on the basis that: First, residential should be human-centered design, residential design according to different family composition using the classification of objects and designs. 4 of the specification of urban dwelling to meet the basic living of ordinary people living requirements. Second, the conditions for each set of number guarantee the basic living requirements. Third, the low limit of this standard the following uniform requirements, not because of climate conditions, such as wall materials differ. Nothing in this Article as as the basis, and with the specification of the minimum area of space is consistent, that is: each of the space using the minimum area = area + appropriate adjustments with the use of an area of 3.2 bedroom, living room (Hall) should be avoided through the residential design 3.2.1 bedroom into another bedroom, and should ensure that the bedroom has a direct lighting and natural ventilation conditions. bedroom, the minimum size is based on resident population, furniture size and determined the necessary space. The original specification double bedrooms of not less than 9m2, single the bedroom is not less than 5m2. The revision was increased to 10m2 and 6m2, its basis as follows: First, according to statistical analysis of data from abroad, generally provided more than double bedroom 10m2, single bedroom is larger than 6m2, the small size of the main residential is between the small number of bedrooms, each bedroom minimum size should not be too small. Second, a variety of new housing in recent years, according to the statistical analysis of the program, very rare less than 10m2 and less than 6m2 double bedroom, single bedroom. III According to the Field Survey, both of general bedroom house with features for learning to bed, wardrobe, desk for the necessary furnishings bedroom, double bedroom 10m2, single bedroom 6m2 to ensure the arrangement of the furniture. Fourth, in the for households living in dwelling size trunk (such as intergenerational living home), often need a bedroom and living activities, such bedroom and living area must be based on the double bedroom, a sofa area by at least (2m2, ) in order to ensure the living room furniture layout .3.2.2 (Hall) at this stage in the residential dwelling has become essential living space, this section is to ensure that this space can direct light and natural ventilation, should have a good vision Landscape; minimum size scaling analysis showed that the living room (Hall) of the use of an area should be above 12m2 to meet the necessary furniture layout and ease of use .3.2.3 living room (Hall) main function is for family reunion, receiving guests, see TV use, and often both meals, chores, transportation and so on. In addition to the use of a certain area should be guaranteed, shall reduce traffic interference, the number of hall doors should not be too much, the position should focus on the layout of the door, should have the appropriate line wall arrangement of furniture. Low scale study based on the results of more than 3m straight line only to ensure that a group of decorated wall sofa, living room (Hall) have a relatively stable corner of the .3.2.4 larger dwelling size, in addition to living room ( Hall), there were over office or restaurant can be no direct light, but the area is not too large, otherwise the kit is no direct lighting space is too large, reducing the living standard of living .3.3 3.3.1 According to the National New Kitchen survey of residential quarters, the kitchen using the area generally can reach more than 4m2, the actual state survey results show that the kitchen area less than 4m2, it is difficult to ensure that the basic operational requirements. three to four residential dwelling with the larger, properly qualified increasing the size of the kitchen, the kitchen should be not less than 5m2.3.3.2 vents directly outside lighting to ensure the basic operational needs and natural lighting, ventilation. According to the findings of the actual state of residence, more than 90% of households only start when the cooking range hoods, and other jobs such as cooking, water heating and other basic rely on natural ventilation, it should be toward the outdoor kitchen and open the door or window, to ensure the natural ventilation. arranged in the kit near the kitchen entrance, is conducive to layout and kitchen garbage pipeline is designed to clean dirt dwelling district's important to ensure that, when conditions should be set as far as possible .3.3.3 kitchen sink, the case sets, stoves and exhaust fumes machines and other facilities, the design of operating procedures if a reasonable arrangement by tenants when the actual use or modification has caused great inconvenience. According to the actual state of living survey and limit size analysis, to design or set aside the time to set the location, and to ensure operation of surface adjoining the smallest net long. national standard, using the heat load of about 18kW, kitchen smaller than 32m3, the volume of the heat load to more than 0.58kW/m3. generally not reach the volume of residential kitchen 32m3, so you must set the exhaust hoods and other mechanical devices .3.3.4 single-row layout of the kitchen, the desk a minimum width of 0.50m, consider the operator squat open doors, drawer space required for the operator or another person from behind by the limits of distance, requires a minimum clear width is 1.50m. Double row layout of equipment in the kitchen, the distance between two rows of equipment scale by human activities, the requirements of this section should not be less than 0.90m.3.4 3.4.1 requires each residential toilets should be located in the three sanitary ware for the toilet, shower and wash basins device , the fourth category should be established when the three housing conditions or between two or more bathrooms. by a combination of different sanitary toilet, the minimum size requirements based on the following: First, to sanitary and health activities in low-limit scale space calculating the minimum area; II shower room and bath space into account, without considering the space in the shower, wash basins set. Third, do not take into account the activities of defecation activities and shower room to borrow. Fourth, the toilet area of residential care for the elderly and care must be when you leave room for the children. The terms of the area does not include the location of washing machine before the room .3.4.2 no bathroom, the door is often open directly to the hall or kitchen, is a former stage area index is low residential dwelling transitional approach. actual state survey found that This arrangement is a prominent problem occur due to poor quality of construction is widespread leakage, and pipe noise, water dripping condensation water is also very serious issues, this article may not be directly arranged in the lower household bathroom bedroom, living room (room) and kitchen top , duplex housing arrangement that allows the health kit in the bedroom, living room (room), kitchen top, and should take water and noise insulation and easy maintenance kit measures .3.4.4 washing machine should be set position, require a dedicated electrical outlet to the drainage ports and so on. washing machine location outside the space in the bathroom .3.5 3.5.1 Technical and Economic Indices calculated in residential design phase of the technical and economic indicators, is the residential from the program, planning to construction, management various stages of an important part of technical documentation, the requirements in this section, the seven major economic indicators to be calculated in the design and clearly marked in the residential design drawings .3.5.2 calculation of economic indicators There are many, this requires Calculation of uniform rules, which is conducive to tender, program competition, engineering project, reported that construction, inspection, settlement and distribution, management and other aspects of the work, which can effectively avoid the kinds of contradictions .3.5.3 kit is calculated using the area of residential design basis of technical and economic indicators. this clearly defines the calculation: first, comprising the use of an area refers to the use of each residential household door area alone, including bedroom, living room (room), kitchen, bathroom, dining room, hallway, front room, storage room, and other functional spaces, such as use closet space and the area. terrace area separately, should not be included in the kit into an area. II, comprising the use of duplex residential area, including its interior stairs, them through use of the area by natural layers. Third, in the past for the convenience of calculation, provided the structure will not be included in the area of the chimney, ventilation channel, tube wells, etc. included in the use of the area, but a great contradiction in the actual implementation, especially in the residential commercial, after the inclusion of public tube wells in the area sold to households with an area of very unreasonable, but this calculation does not accurately reflect the design is reasonable, especially for kitchens, bathrooms and other small space area of analysis is not accurate enough. Therefore, this change is not included in the use of the area. Fourth, the normal size of the wall surface according to the structure calculated using the area, the paint layer can be briefly, in the event of various composite insulation layer, as a composite layer structure to the wall thickness of less then calculated. five, the use of slope as the use of space within the roof, the clear height of not less than 1.20m through use of the area; on the crediting 1.20m 2.10m 1 / 2; over 2.10m all included. calculated by this method of calculation used within the sloping roof of the use of standard floor area divided by the area index, from the construction area and the actual construction of the floor area is close to the roof slope can objectively reflect the use of technical and economic indicators. VI, sloping roof Only the use of space within a separate calculation using the area, it does not affect the use of the area and the use of standard floor area index and other indicators. this section when calculating the total construction area, a separate calculation using the slope area within the top layer, then use the area under the standard level coefficient obtained slope roof top of the construction area, which would ensure that the standard of residential buildings with total floor area index using the area index to use the balcony area of the same .3.5.4 there has been opposition, one is to control the area of standards, regulations to control standards are not included within the balcony area of each building area; the other is the calculation of quantities to the balcony area by 1 / 2 included in the construction area. this will be clearly defined including the Au terrace balcony, enclosed balcony area separately, which facilitates objectively reflect the technical and economic indicators of residential design, regardless of the amount of statistical work, or to control the area of standards are very clear, separately balcony area, separate statistics, priced separately, should not be included in each residential area and an indoor net .3.6 storey storey residential high-3.6.1 to control the 2.80m the following, not only control the investment of the problem, more importantly, for residential land, energy, materials and conserve resources. the story is relatively uniform, in the current residential product development the early stages makes sense, for example, the development of residential elevators, ventilation, exhaust risers, complete sets of kitchen cabinets Dengjun great practical significance, there is a clear story, the main parameters of these products can be determined .2.80 m storey provisions in the National Executive has been more than a decade, generally can be implemented, Beijing, Tianjin and other cities can do 2.70m, some areas have stressed the top and bottom on some technical issues dealing with relaxed regulations, has been basically solved . In recent years, the gradual spread of residential air conditioners installed, but need to control the story further requests for energy .3.6.2 bedroom and living room (Hall) is the most active residential space comprising also a large concentration of furniture establishments, the requirements of this The interior clear height of not less than 2.40m, to ensure the basic requirements in the international arena, the interior clear height as 2.40m in many countries, such as: the United States, Japan, Britain and China's Hong Kong, with reference to these countries and regions standard, indoor net height set at 2.40m is feasible. from the determination of the indoor microclimate Looking at the results, 2.40m clear height interior is also feasible. former China Academy of Building Research, published in 1959, ventilation problems, 2.40 2.20 Note temperature (° C) 31.51 30.49 31.19 30.35 30.41 Hankow bedroom summer wind (m / s) 0.246 0.241 0.263 0.255 0.264 Relative humidity (%) 89.50 85.80 89 87 86.50 6:00 determination in the above table shows the room as long as drafts , clear height slightly lower number of very small living room temperature; and reduced in height after the section of smaller rooms, which flow velocity increased, but with the drafts of the indoor humidity increases. so little to improve the indoor climate, the key Summer is to reduce the impact of radiation on the room temperature to improve the layout of the ventilation, the indoor heat tissue to accelerate the dissemination of drafts. In addition, air cleanliness, according to the relevant test data analysis, different story residential, indoor air in winter no significant change in CO2 concentration. This specification has the original specifications of Article 3.2.1 the minimum double bedroom single bedroom area and the area of the smallest of the increase 1m2, air cleanliness according to volume and the relationship between the new regulations safer. Bedroom, living room (hall) indoor local clear height not less than 2.10m, is the bottom of the clear height interior beams, the upper wall cabinet space in the cabinet bottom and the distance from the ground should be more than 2.10m in order to ensure the body more basic activities of residents of high and has a sense of security. in a room in less than 2.40m beam and wall cabinet should not be too much indoor space should not exceed 1 / 3 of an area, or as a clear height of less than 2.40m .3.6.3 use of space within the roof slope for the bedroom, there should be a requirement, clear height less than 2.10m more than half the space, the use of kitchen and bathroom hard .3.6.4 passenger traffic less than the bedroom and the interior clear height living room (Hall) is low. but the gas kitchen design and installation specifications not less than 2.20m; the bathroom from the air capacity, the height of exhaust ventilation requirements should not be considered less than 2.20m. Also from the kitchen, the development of health facilities view, is lower than 2.20m in height is not conducive to indoor facilities and pipeline layout .3.6.5 kitchen, smaller bathroom, roof drainage under the wall even if the layout of the horizontal tube, the tube end (especially the trap) from the bottom floor, ground clearance if too low, often resulted in collision and prevent the door and windows open. This regulation shall not be less than the spacing 3.7.1 1.90m.3.7 balcony balcony is the transition between the indoor and outdoor space in urban residential living played an increasingly important role. This section requires each house shall have a balcony, residential housing bottom and back desktop platform .3.7.2 Master can be installed roof terrace is the place where many children's activities, bars (including bar board of local rail) distance between the vertical bars, if poorly designed, easy to cause accidents. according to ergonomic principles, railings vertical clearance should be less than 0.11m, to prevent children drilled. at the same time place the pots on the railings to prevent the fall wounding, this requirement can hold pots railings .3.7.3 measures must be taken against the light falling on building design requirements, balcony railings with the building height should be increased, the requirements of this low-rise, multi-storey residential clear height should be low balcony railings at 1.05m, the high-rise, residential high-rise balcony railing not less than 1.10m, which is based on the body center of gravity and psychological factors in the. on the cold, cold area in the high-rise, residential high-rise balcony, promoting the use of solid tailgate, First, the door to prevent cold air poured into the room from the balcony, the second is to prevent falling objects from the railings at the wounding gap. In addition, the cold, cold regions and in high-rise, residential high-rise balcony is widespread closure, through the railings is difficult to close .3.7 empty residents live in buildings .4 balcony is the best place to dry clothes, the design of facilities should be reserved for households pull frame bar, or tenants in the process of self-loading facilities, often caused by roof leaks, drip, sun block the lower tenants, tenants and other issues of lower . top of the balcony if there is no rain cover housing, there is no conditions for drying clothes on the balcony of the rain water into the room very easy, it provides top-level balcony shall have the rain cover. layers of dwellings adjacent to the balcony dividers between a set of and sets a clear dividing line between the residents from the guarantee of the role of the field, plays an important role of security, a clear separation in the design, management can reduce the conflict .3.7.5 balcony drainage treatment directly affect residents life, the actual state of the questionnaire, the balcony and rain cover improper drainage tissues, causing serious interference with upper and lower layers, such as top water the plants, wash the dirty balcony drying clothes or even poured over the lower to others caused by accidents often Neighborhood contradiction. terrace is where more water, laundry, water the flowers have a lot of water dripping, if not to do waterproofing balcony floor, balcony cracks easily leaking the impact of the lower living. This provision should be made waterproof balcony, the balcony of rain .3.8 waterproof cover should do the aisle, storage space and stairs 3.8.1 kit comprising entrance hallway, often played the role of the door fighting, both transport routes, but also a dressing, changing his shoes and place items on hold temporarily, is handling the only way for large-scale furniture. in a large furniture sofa, dining table, piano and other larger scale, this requires in general, the aisles clear width of not less than 1.20m. leading to the bedroom, living room (Hall) of the aisle to consider moving the desk, wardrobe and so on through the width, especially when turning at the entrance, there should be room for both sides of the door, so this provision of the aisle not less than 1m. leading to the kitchen, bathroom, storage room in the aisles reduce the clear width may be appropriate, but should not be less than 0.90m. all kinds of passage should be considered in the bend of the line moving furniture, for easy handling .3.8.2 Field survey data show that live, live see the quality requirements of storage space higher and higher, some settings wrong in the past been a lot of closet renovation, demolition. which is not enough headroom for hanging cabinet, closet lack of deep reflection of a strong net. of this section the basic requirements under storage, should not be made clear height wall cabinet less than 0.40m; closet should not be less than the net depth 0.50m. closet often caused by poor ventilation and moisture-proof storage of rotten things, this requires at the bottom or through the wall by the bathroom cabinet and so easy to damp proof measures should be taken All cabinets should be smooth inside, the stairs usually smooth .3.8.3 comprising two houses and a vertical transport use within the thermocline. stairway clear width comprising this section, when the side of the overhead, its clear width is not should be less than 0.75m; when both sides of the wall, its clear width of not less than 0.90m (see Figure 3.8.3), this provision is moving furniture and everyday things on hand a minimum width of the stairs. (a) (b ) Figure 3.8.3 (a) side of the overhead fan-shaped staircase; (b) the walls of the fan-shaped staircase, staircase stepping 3.8.4 fan since the width of the narrow side stepping from the width of 0.25m at not less than 0.22m, is to consider people up and down stairs, stepping foot fan site. .3.9 windows and doors as shown in Figure 3.8.3 not 3.9.1 or platform adjacent to the balcony outside the window sill, such as low clear height from the ground, climbing falling accident prone children . this section is less than 0.90m above the ground when the window when to take protective measures .3.9.2 security and meet the household from the security point of view, the underlying residential windows and balcony doors should have some defensive measures. adjacent to the corridor or close to public roof windows and doors of the Master is also the key security positions, defensive measures should be living life .3.9.3 privacy requirements has become important to use one of the requirements of residential, residential windows and facing notch window of the corridor due to poor design often caused strong resentment among residents. this section to take measures to avoid visual interference, such as providing a fixed light windows, and patterned glass to block the corridor by the human eye. for the corridor windows, sashes should not be open to the corridor, or should be guaranteed to increase the height or width of the corridor, so as not to impede traffic .3.9.4 design of residential doors in the past, generally do not have security and defense measures, is generally modified or households into a security door installed, this section should be designed to the door by security and defense, and should be several functions such as insulation, security, fire, acoustic set in a. general residential door is always open inwards to avoid obstruction of traffic between the stairs, when provided in this section is not open should be blocking traffic, generally can be used to increase the landing, set the size of the door, the entrance to the notch design and other measures to ensure the safe evacuation of residential .3.9.5 minimum size of openings in different parts requirements in accordance with the minimum standards proposed by the The material structure is too thick doors or have special requirements, should leave room for the common parts .4 4.1 stairs and elevators 4.1.1 currently rely on the vast majority of residential stairwell wall layout, which is conducive to natural light, natural ventilation and smoke, but also conducive to energy conservation, in line with the requirements and fire evacuation. high-level residential floor stairwell when the restrictions are not subject to direct foreign window, the stairwell shall be fortified smoke, artificial lighting and mechanical ventilation and smoke extraction measures to meet the fire code provisions .4.1.2 bench is based on the minimum clear width requirements, the module standards, fire code requirements, etc. to be determined by a combination of factors. to illustrate the point is six and six the following housing ladder minimum clear width as the section of 1m, because: ① In the past, to meet the fire code requirements for the minimum width of staircase segment 1.10m, 2.70m or general use of 2.60m (does not meet the 3-mode) hall staircase, apartment units are currently two sets tend to a ladder, the service less copy number, the corresponding area of the staircase can also be reduced, such as the use of 2.40m staircase hall, each with an area increase of about 1m2, and masonry concrete 2.40m staircase hall, staircase width can only do to 1m or so; ② 2.40m bay found 3 die, die with the 3 other parameters can be reconciled into a series, does not appear in the layout of half-module, with 3.60m to expand the parameters can be composed of modular series, helps to reduce the component, but also suitable for industrial production, layout is also more applicable and flexible; ③ seen from all over the investigation, the use of 2.40m staircase hall is common, according to analysts, as long as the width of the landing to moving furniture, 2.40m is in line with the requirements; ④ reference to the relevant norms at home and abroad, the provisions of the former Soviet Union is not less than 1.05m, the provisions of the Taiwan Province of not less than 0.90m, coordination with the Ministry of Public Security, in the in the evacuation side of the stairs with railings, the minimum clear width may from time to less than 1m .3 of the original specification staircase width of not less than 0.25m, a height of not more than 0.18m, the gradient of 37.75 ° while the steep side, with foreign standards vary greatly, residents up and down stairs quite laborious, especially the elderly. now the stepping width to not less than 0.26m, a height of not more than 0.175m, a gradient of 33.94 °, close to the comfort standards in the design can do. by storey 2.80m dollars, just to 16-step, area increased also ...